Nickel and Cobalt Wear Parts
Equipment, Parts and Materials by Production Process

Nickel sulphides: underground or open-pit mining, crushing and grinding, flotation, nickel-copper concentrate, then smelting or hydrometallurgical refining. Limonitic laterite HPAL: selective mining, slurry preparation, thickening, high-pressure acid leaching, flashing/neutralization, MHP/MSP production and refining. Saprolitic laterite RKEF: mining, screening/crushing/blending, drying, rotary-kiln pre-reduction and electric-furnace smelting to ferronickel/NPI.

Sulphide ores involve hard-rock crushing, grinding and slurry erosion. HPAL combines hot, pressurized sulphuric-acid corrosion with solids erosion. RKEF adds wet, sticky laterite handling, dust, high temperatures, thermal fatigue and slag attack.