30 Industry Process Routes,
Mapped to Equipment and Wear Parts

Copper mining

Large open-pit or underground mining → gyratory crushing → SAG/HPGR → ball milling → flotation; oxide ore heap leaching → SX/EW

Priority Wear Locations: Gyratory liners, SAG liners, HPGR roll surfaces, pumps, hydrocyclones, flotation rotors and stators

Iron ore

Dry crushing and screening for high-grade hematite; fine grinding → magnetic separation → filtration → pelletizing for magnetite

Priority Wear Locations: Crusher liners, screen panels, HPGR parts, mill liners, pumps, hydrocyclones and pipelines

Gold and Silver Mining

Crushing and grinding → gravity separation or flotation → cyanidation/CIL; heap leaching; pre-oxidation for refractory ores

Priority Wear Locations: Crushing and grinding parts, grinding media, pumps, valves, tank linings and pressure oxidation slurry components

Lead and zinc mining

Underground or open-pit mining → crushing and grinding → selective lead and zinc flotation → thickening and filtration

Priority Wear Locations: Underground LHD GET, jaw plates, mill liners, pumps, hydrocyclones and flotation parts

Nickel and cobalt

Sulfide ore flotation; laterite HPAL; saprolite RKEF

Priority Wear Locations: Crushing and grinding parts, slurry pipelines, autoclave valves, acid-service pumps and high-temperature kiln parts

Bauxite and Alumina

Open-pit mining → washing; Bayer grinding → digestion → settling → precipitation → calcination

Priority Wear Locations: Washing screen panels, pumps, pipelines, mill parts, valves, thickener feedwells and high-temperature calciner parts

Lithium

Spodumene DMS/flotation → roasting → leaching; brine evaporation; DLE

Priority Wear Locations: Crushing and grinding parts, low-contamination linings, kiln parts, acid-service pumps, brine pumps, valves and pipelines

Manganese mining

Crushing → scrubbing → screening → dense medium or gravity separation → dewatering

Priority Wear Locations: Crusher tooth plates, drum liners, screen panels, dense medium cyclones, pumps and elbows

Chromite and Platinum Group Metals

Crushing and grinding → spiral chromite recovery → PGM flotation → tailings retreatment

Priority Wear Locations: Mill liners, spiral concentrator parts, pumps, hydrocyclones, flotation parts and pipe linings

Rare earth mining

Crushing and grinding → magnetic, gravity or flotation separation → acid roasting or leaching → solvent extraction and separation

Priority Wear Locations: Crushing and grinding parts, pumps, hydrocyclones, flotation parts, and acid-service kiln, tank, pump and valve components

Tin and tungsten mining

Staged crushing and grinding → DMS, jigs, spirals or shaking tables → flotation or magnetic separation

Priority Wear Locations: Crusher liners, screen panels, jig and spiral parts, pumps and fine-grinding liners

Uranium mining

Underground jet boring of high-grade ore; conventional crushing and grinding → acid leaching → SX → yellowcake; ISR

Priority Wear Locations: Underground nozzles and pipes, mill parts, pumps, valves, acid-resistant linings and remotely maintained components

Titanium and zircon mineral sands

Sand mining or dredging → wet spirals → magnetic separation → electrostatic separation → drying

Priority Wear Locations: Pumps, pipes, cyclone and spiral parts, screen surfaces, ceramic or rubber-lined elbows, drying and conveying parts

Diamond mining

Gentle crushing → scrubbing and screening → DMS → XRT sorting and recovery

Priority Wear Locations: Diamond-preserving crusher parts, screen panels, dense medium separation parts, pumps, pipes and low-impact chutes

Coal Mining, Preparation and Power Generation

Open-pit or underground mining → crushing → dense medium separation or flotation → coal handling → pulverizing → boiler → ash handling

Priority Wear Locations: Coal cutting picks, crusher teeth, screen panels, dense medium separation parts, grinding rollers and tables, pulverized coal and ash pipes

Phosphate Rock, Phosphoric Acid and Fertilizers

Open-pit mining → washing or flotation → slurry transport → wet-process phosphoric acid → granulation

Priority Wear Locations: Dragline buckets, pumps, pipes, screen panels, flotation parts, acid-service pumps and valves, granulator and dryer parts

Potash and Rock Salt

Underground continuous mining → crushing and desliming → flotation, hot dissolution and crystallization, or electrostatic separation

Priority Wear Locations: Mining machine cutters, conveyor chains, low-speed crusher parts, chloride-service pumps and valves, crystallizer parts

Limestone, Clinker and Cement

Quarrying → crushing → preblending → raw milling → preheating and precalcination → kiln → cooling → cement milling

Priority Wear Locations: Hammers, blow bars, vertical mill rollers and tables, chutes, kiln end parts, grate plates and clinker crusher parts

Aggregates

Quarrying → staged crushing → screening → sand making → washing → dewatering

Priority Wear Locations: Jaw, cone, impact and VSI crusher parts, screen panels, chutes, sand washer blades, pumps and pipes

Silica Sand and Glass Raw Materials

Sand extraction → scrubbing → desliming → classification → magnetic separation or flotation → dewatering → drying → batching

Priority Wear Locations: Low-contamination pumps and pipes, PU or rubber screen panels, ceramic linings, agitators and dryer parts

Gypsum and Plasterboard

Quarrying → crushing → drying → grinding → calcination → mixing → forming → drying

Priority Wear Locations: Soft-rock crusher teeth and hammers, mill parts, lifting and conveying parts, calciner and dryer parts

Natural Graphite

Crushing → flake-preserving grinding → multistage flotation and regrinding → filtration → drying → classification

Priority Wear Locations: Low-contamination liners, fine-grinding parts, flotation rotors and stators, pumps, hydrocyclones and dryer parts

Kaolin, Clay and Feldspar

Mining → blunging or scrubbing → screening → hydrocycloning → magnetic separation → filtration → drying or calcination

Priority Wear Locations: Low-contamination pumps and hydrocyclones, screen panels, agitator parts, filtration parts and heat-resistant calciner parts

Fluorspar, Barite and Talc

Selective mining → crushing and grinding → gravity separation or flotation → dewatering → micronizing

Priority Wear Locations: Crushing and grinding parts, pumps, hydrocyclones, flotation parts and low-contamination micronizing parts

Trona, Soda Ash and Borates

Underground or open-pit mining → crushing → dissolution or roasting → filtration → crystallization → drying

Priority Wear Locations: Continuous miner cutters, conveyor chains, crusher parts, crystallization pumps and valves, alkali-service piping and dryer parts

Sugar processing

Cane cutting → shredding → milling or diffusion → clarification → evaporation → crystallization → centrifuging → drying; beet sugar and refining routes considered separately

Priority Wear Locations: Knives, hammers, grids, mill roll shells, scrapers, girth gears, pinions, juice pumps and screens, centrifugal baskets and bagasse boiler parts

Pulp and paper

Wood preparation → chemical or mechanical pulping; recovered paper pulping and deinking; stock preparation → forming → pressing → drying → finishing; chemical recovery

Priority Wear Locations: Chipper knives, refiner plates, pulper rotors and screen plates, pressure screen baskets, cleaner ceramics, doctor blades, fabrics, felts and recovery boiler parts

Ultrafine Powder Processing

Pretreatment → mechanical, ring roller or jet milling → dynamic classification → cyclone separation and filtration → packing; wet stirred milling as a separate route

Priority Wear Locations: Hammers, pins, liners, grinding rings and rollers, nozzles, classifier wheels, ceramic linings, cyclone elbows and rotary valves

Iron and Steel

BF → BOF, or scrap/DRI → EAF → refining → continuous casting → hot rolling, cold rolling or coating → slag processing

Priority Wear Locations: Sinter grate bars, blast furnace charging parts, high-temperature water-cooled parts, continuous casting copper plates and rolls, mill rolls, guides, shear blades and slag processing parts

Road milling and asphalt recycling

Cold milling → RAP crushing, screening and classification → hot or cold recycling → paving and compaction; in-place cold recycling or full-depth reclamation

Priority Wear Locations: WC milling picks, holders, milling drums, chamber liners, conveying parts, RAP crushing and screening parts, mixer paddles and liners

Wear Parts Across Industries

Compare equipment and wear part applications across 30 industry process routes.